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- HURRICANE DISASTER INFORMATION FILE
-
-
-
- Tracking Hurricanes
-
- Hurricane and tropical storm positions are given in terms of
- latitude and longitude to the nearest one-tenth of a degree.
- Latitude lines run across hurricane tracking charts (maps) from
- left to right. longitude lines run from bottom to top. Latitude
- gives the north-south position on the earth's surface, longitude
- the east-west position. Therefore, by knowing the latitude and
- longitude of a storm, we can locate it on a map. As an example,
- try to locate 32.3 degrees north latitude and 64.8 degrees
- longitude. You should be very close to the island of Bermuda.
- A hurricane tracking chart appears in the January issue
- Field Forum, and is suitable for reproduction. Larger (and
- more sophisticated) charts are available from commercial sources.
- For example, Kornor Enterprises sells heavy-duty plastic
- laminated charts in various sizes. Erasable marker and
- instructions are included. The company has agreed to sell the
- charts to ARRL members at a special, reduced price: 17x22" --
- $12.50; 11x15" -- $10.50; and 8.5x11" -- $8.50. (Includes
- shipping/handling). Identify yourself as an ARRL member when
- ordering. Order from Kornor Enterprises, PO Box 461, Cleveland,
- OH 44094, American Express, VISA, and MasterCard credit cards
- accepted. The KORNOR map is used by the staff at the National
- Hurricane Center in Coral Gables, Florida.
- On the KORNOR map, solid black lines are drawn for every
- five (5) degrees of latitude and longitude. White lines are drawn
- for every (1) degree. By definition, one degree of latitude is
- equal to 60 nautical miles. This gives us a convenient way of
- estimating distances on a chart. Measure the distance between any
- two points, then lay this distance out on one of the north-south
- longitude lines. Count the number of degrees of latitude and
- multiply by 60 to find the distance in nautical miles. To convert
- to statute miles, multiply that answer by 1.15. One nautical mile
- equals 1.15 statute miles. One knot (nautical mile per hour)
- equals 1.15 statute miles per hour.
- Hurricane tracking software is also available.
- During major activity, storm coordinates are provided in 3-
- and 6-hour updates on NOAA weather radio services around the
- country in the 160 MHz region. Modern 2-meter FM rigs with
- extended receive capability cover NOAA broadcast frequencies.
-
-
-
- HURRICANE NAMES FOR THE ATLANTIC
-
- 1991
-
- Ana
- Bob
- Claudette
- Danny
- Elena
- Fabian
- Grace
- Henri
- Isabel
- Juan
- Kate
- Larry
- Mindy
- Nicholas
- Odette
- Peter
- Rose
- Sam
- Teresa
- Victor
- Wanda
-
-
- Tropical Storm and Hurricane Terminology
-
- TROPICAL DISTURBANCE: An area of showers and thunderstorms that
- may have a slight cyclonic (counter-clockwise) surface
- circulation and maintains its identity for at least 24 hours.
- These are very common occurrences in the tropics.
-
- TROPICAL DEPRESSION: A storm system displaying a noticeable
- rotary circulation with maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles
- per hour (33 knots).
-
- TROPICAL STORM: Displays a substantial rotary circulation with
- sustained winds of 39 to 73 miles per hour (34-63 knots). When
- reaching tropical storm strength, a storm is given a name to aid
- in tracking.
-
- HURRICANE: Strong rotary circulation with sustained surface winds
- of 74 miles per hour (64 knots) or more. In the western North
- Pacific and most of the South Pacific, such storms are called
- Typhoons. In the Indian Ocean they are called Cyclones.
-
- Advisories, Watches and Warnings
-
- SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY: Alerts boaters to wind or sea conditions
- that might be hazardous to small boats. Usually wind speeds must
- be at least 20 miles per hour (18 knots). Issued when a tropical
- storm or hurricane moves within several hundred miles of the
- coast. Boaters are advised to take precautions and not venture
- into the open sea.
-
- GALE WARNING: Coastal wind speeds between 39 and 54 miles per
- hour (34-47 knots).
-
- STORM WARNING: May be issued when winds of 55-73 miles per hour
- (48-63 knots) are expected on area waters.
-
- HURRICANE WATCH: Issued when there is a threat of hurricane
- conditions developing within 24 to 36 hours.
-
- HURRICANE WARNING: Hurricane conditions with winds of 74 miles
- per hour or more (64 knots) and/or dangerously high tides and
- waves are expected within 24 hours. People within the warning
- area should begin to take action to protect life and property.
-
- TORNADO/SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH: Tornadoes and severe
- thunderstorms often develop when hurricanes and tropical storms
- make landfall. A watch means these storms are possible.
-
- TORNADO/SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING: Tornadoes or severe
- thunderstorms are occurring within the warning area.
-
-
-
- HURRICANE DISASTER-POTENTIAL
- (Saffir/Simpson) Scale
-
- CATEGORY PRESSURE WINDS SURGE DAMAGE
-
- 1 28.94" 74-95 MPH 4-5 ft Minimal. Primarily to trees,
- foliage, and unanchored mobile
- homes. No real damage to other
- structures. Some small craft
- may be torn from moorings.
-
- 2 28.50" 96-110 MPH 6-8 ft Moderate, some trees blown
- down. Some window, door and
- roofing damage. Small craft torn
- from moorings in unprotected
- anchorages. Some evacuation
- of shoreline residences and low-
- lying islands.
-
- 3 27.91" 111-130 MPH 9-12 ft Extensive. Large trees blown
- down. Some structural damage
- to small buildings. Mobile homes
- destroyed. Serious coastal
- flooding. Many small structures
- near coast destroyed by wind
- and waves. Almost all small
- boats torn from moorings.
-
- 4 27.17" 131-155 MPH 13-18 ft Extreme. Extensive damage to
- roofs on many small residences.
- Terrain 10 feet or less above
- sea level flooded. Escape routes
- cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours
- before center arrives. Massive
- coastal evacuation required.
-
- 5 27.16" 156 MPH More Catastrophic. Complete failure
- or less or more than of roofs on residences and
- 18 ft many commercial structures.
- Small buildings overturned or
- blown away. Massive evacuation
- from low ground within 5-10
- miles of the coast.
-
-
- Operating Guidelines
-
- 1) Listen. Monitor recognized disaster net frequencies.
- Transmit only when directed by a disaster net control station, or
- station in the disaster area. Major nets include:
-
- International Assistance and Traffic Net (IATN): 14.303 MHz
-
- Hurricane Watch Net (HWN): 14.325 MHz
-
- Friendly Caribus Connection: 14.283 MHz
-
- 2) Monitor W1AW for timely bulletins.
-
- 3) Hold off on health and welfare traffic.
- Don't clog primary disaster frequencies by trying to
- force H&W traffic into the disaster area. US amateurs' efforts
- must be directed to receiving messages from the affected area,
- each one having the potential of heading off numerous US-
- originated messages. US amateurs must listen carefully for
- instructions on handling H&W traffic.
-
- 4) Control of the communications situation belongs with
- amateurs IN THE AFFECTED AREA. Act according to their directions
- and those of designated net control stations.
-
- 5) It is the responsibility of the Red Cross to manage the
- H&W traffic function (the Red Cross term is "Disaster Welfare
- Inquiry"). We support the Red Cross communications network, not
- the other way around.
- Contact your local Red Cross chapters now to establish local
- systems for handling H&W traffic.
-
- *eof